Abstract The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between the serum levels of MMP-9 and NGAL and the clinical staging and histopathological grade of the tumor. Lipocalin-2/NGAL and MMP-9 concentrations were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA). The AUC values for NGAL and MMP-9 were 0.9 and 0.78, respectively. The diagnostic potential of NGAL and MMP-9 in differentiating high-stage (FIGO III and IV) and low-stage (FIGO I and II) cancer and predicting the cell differentiation grade (G1 versus G3) on the basis of the analyses of AUC values was determined to be 0.91 and 0.79 for NGAL and 0.82 and 0.84 for MMP-9, respectively. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis in the final method revealed that NGAL and MMP-9 variables were independent of the endometrial cancer risk.
OR values for NGAL and MMP-9 were 1.23 (95% CI 1.421–3.27; ) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.38–4.12; ), respectively. The NGAL/MMP-9 complex may be useful in the assessment of tumor stage before surgical treatment.
Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre Has general and tumour-specific information, primarily focused on the post-treatment survivorship phase. Telephone: (03) 9656 5207.
Website: beyondblue: the national depression initiative Information on depression, anxiety and related disorders, available treatment and support services. Telephone: 13.
Website: Cancer Australia Information on cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment and supportive care for Australians affected by cancer, and their families and carers. Telephone: 1800 624 973. Website.
Cancer Council (operated by Cancer Council Victoria) A confidential telephone support services for people affected by cancer. Telephone: 13 11 20 (Monday to Friday, 8.30am – 5.30pm). Website: CanTeen Australian organisation for young people living with cancer that offers support, information, resources and flexible services including phone, email and online counselling. Telephone: 1800 226 833. Website: Care Search: Palliative Care Knowledge network Information for patients and carers on living with illness, practical advice on how to care, and finding services.
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Telephone: (08) 7221 8233. Website. Initial investigations and referral Your general practitioner (GP) will assess your symptoms (for example, vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain) and conduct a physical examination. Your GP should also discuss your needs (including physical, psychological, social and information needs) and recommend sources of reliable information and support. Results should be available within four weeks.
If endometrial cancer is suspected or confirmed, you will be referred to a specialist for further testing. Your GP will provide the specialist with information about your medical history, whether there is a history of cancer in your family, and results of the initial tests.
Tests you may have:. Getspc apk. Pelvic examination: The will examine your abdomen and vagina to check for masses or lumps. Pap test (also known as a cervical smear): The will use an instrument (called a speculum) to separate the walls of your vagina to take a sample of cells from the surface of your vagina and cervix. Transvaginal ultrasound: A handheld device inserted into your vagina produces highfrequency sound waves that are used to create an image of your uterus.
It is important that this procedure is performed by a practitioner experienced in gynaecological ultrasounds. It can be helpful to bring a family member or friend with you to your appointments. Treatment To ensure you receive the best care, your specialist will arrange for a team of health professionals to plan your treatment based on your preferences and needs. The team will be made up of professionals who have experience managing and supporting a woman with endometrial cancer. Your specialist will tell you when the team will be discussing your case.
Your team should discuss the different treatment options with you including the likely outcomes, possible side effects and the risks and benefits. You might want to ask for more time before deciding on your treatment, or ask for a second opinion. Your may also suggest you consider taking part in a clinical trial. Let your team know about any complementary therapies you are using or thinking about trying. Some therapies may not be appropriate, depending on your medical treatment. There are a number of ways to treat endometrial cancer including surgery, radiation therapy chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. In some cases more than one type of treatment may be used to get the best outcome.
Treatment options. Hormone treatment Hormone treatment removes hormones or blocks their for different aspects of your care. Action to stop cancer cells from growing. It may be suitable for young women who wish to retain their fertility, or to help relieve symptoms. For more information about treatment and treatment side effects ask your or visit. Your should discuss your needs with you during and after treatment (including physical, psychological, social and information needs) and may refer you to another service or health professional Hormone treatment removes hormones or blocks their for different aspects of your care.
After treatment Treatment for endometrial cancer sometimes results in hormonal changes and, in some cases, early menopause. This can lead to side effects such as night sweats, hot flushes and reduced libido. Fortunately, there are many ways to reduce or manage the side effects of treatment.
After your treatment is completed, your should provide you with a treatment summary with details of the care you received including:. diagnostic tests performed and their results. types of treatment used and when they were performed. treatment plans from other health professionals. support services provided to you To monitor your health, and make sure the cancer has not returned, you will need regular check-ups.
You and your GP will receive a follow-up care plan that tells you about:. the type of follow-up that is best for you. care plans for managing any side effects of treatment, should they occur. how to get specialist medical help quickly if you think the cancer has returned or worsened.
Living with cancer Side effects: Some people experience side effects (for example tiredness) that continue beyond the end of treatment. Side effects sometimes might not begin until months after treatment has finished. For more information about side effects ask your or visit Advance care plan: Your may discuss with you the option of developing an advance care plan. An advance care plan is a formal way of setting out your wishes for future medical care. For more information about advance care planning ask your or visit Palliative care: This type of treatment could be used at different stages to help you with pain relief, to reduce symptoms or help improve your quality of life. For more information about palliative care ask your or visit.
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Questions of cost There can be cost implications at each stage of the cancer care pathway, including costs of treatment, accommodation and travel. There can be substantial out-of-pocket costs if you are having treatment in a private health service, even if you have private health insurance.
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You can discuss these costs with your and/or private health insurer for each type of treatment you may have. If you are experiencing due to your cancer treatment you can contact the social worker at your local hospital.
For more information about cost of treatment visit For more information about accommodation and travel costs visit.